Evolution of Federalism in Australia is a PILDAT paper that highlights evolution of fiscal federalism in Australia. The paper is authored by Dr. Moeen Cheema, Associate Professor at the College of Law at the Australian National University. The paper discusses the evolution of federalism, especially fiscal federalism, in Australia and what that has meant for the Australian federal structure and the distribution of powers and resources between the Australian federal government and State governments. The paper has been commissioned so as to facilitate an informed comparative discourse on the evolution of federalism in Pakistan with various models of federalism functioning around the world.