Update on The Performance of Democratic Institutions | November 2024

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This update is meant to identify key developments during the month on Performance of Democratic Institutions in Pakistan with selected high-profile international developments included occasionally.

  1. Parliament hurriedly passed 6 Bills to increase tenure of Service Chiefs and increase number of judges in the Superior Courts
  2. Anti-Terrorism Act (Amendment) Bill, 2024 introduced in the National Assembly to allow preventive detention of up to three months
  3. JCP, reconstituted under 26th amendment, appointed Justice Aminuddin Khan as head of seven-judge SC constitutional bench and Justice Muhammad Karim Khan Agha as head of SHC’s constitutional bench
  4. Only 30 Districts in Pakistan remain with Gender Gap exceeding 10% in voter enrolment
  5. SJC reviews the letter from IHC judges alleging interference by intelligence agencies in judicial matters
  6. Council of Islamic Ideology (CII) Chairman denies issuing any formal decree or decision labeling VPNs as un-Islamic
  7. Army Chief says spread of false information is a significant challenge
  8. Chaos as PTI’s procession Reached the Red Zone
  9. No indication of Imran Khan’s trial in military courts: UK Foreign Secretary
  10. Election tribunals have resolved only 17 % disputes so far
  11. IHC granted bail to Imran Khan in the second Toshakhana case
  12. COAS expressed optimism about Pakistan’s economic recovery
  13. Bushra Bibi’s releases video statement possibly criticising Saudia Arabia
  14. Federal Apex Committee of the National Action Plan approves a comprehensive military operation against terrorist organisations
  15. UN Human Rights Committee released its findings on Pakistan
  16. Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif presided over a high-level meeting on law and order
  17. Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah says judiciary is a resilient institution endowed with the ability to rise above shadows of authoritarianism
  18. Prime Minister’s Interactions with COAS
  19. Speaker National Assembly meets Foreign Dignitaries
  20. Chairman Senate meets Foreign Dignitaries
  21. Interactions of COAS with Foreign Dignitaries

Parliament hurriedly passed 6 Bills to increase tenure of Service Chiefs and increase number of judges in the Superior Courts

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On November 04, six bills were passed in 24 minutes by the National Assembly and in 16 minutes by the Senate, without any debate. The bills were introduced through supplementary agenda, suspending rules to expedite the process. Law Minister Azam Nazeer Tarar tabled the judiciary-related bills while Defence Minister Khawaja Asif tabled the military-related bills. All six bills received presidential assent on the same day.

The Supreme Court (Practice and Procedure) (Amendment) Act, 2024, was enacted to align the law with the 26th Constitutional Amendment, while the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) (Amendment) Act, 2024, and the Islamabad High Court (Amendment) Act, 2024, increased the number of Supreme Court judges from 16 to 33 and Islamabad High Court judges from 9 to 12, respectively.

Meanwhile, the Pakistan Army (Amendment) Act, 2024, the Pakistan Navy (Amendment) Act, 2024, and the Pakistan Air Force (Amendment) Act, 2024, were enacted to extend the tenure of the Chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force from the current three (3) years to five (5) years. These amendments also specified that the Services Chiefs would no longer be subject to the existing retirement age of 64 years, which applies to generals, admirals, and air chief marshals in the three branches.

It is worth noting that in January 2020, during Prime Minister Imran Khan’s tenure, Parliament unanimously amended these three acts to authorize the Prime Minister to reappoint or extend the tenures of the Services Chiefs for up to 3 years. At that time, the maximum age limit for reappointment or extension of four-star officers was set at 64 years, while the regular retirement age remained at 60 years. The November 2024 amendments have further revised these provisions, increasing the tenure from three to five years. Additionally, Services Chiefs are now eligible for another five-year extension after completing their initial term, effectively allowing a total serving tenure of up to 10 years.

Anti-Terrorism Act (Amendment) Bill, 2024 introduced in the National Assembly to allow preventive detention of up to three months

Amendment to Anti-Terrorism Law Presented in National Assembly

On November 01, 2024, the government presented a bill in the National Assembly to amend the Anti-Terrorism Act, 1997. The bill was tabled by the Law Minister Azam Nazeer Tarar and referred to a committee for review. The bill seeks to reintroduce Clause 11EEEE, allowing military and civil armed forces to detain individuals facing terrorism charges for up to three months. Detention, according to the bill, has to be based on credible information, reasonable suspicion, or complaints related to activities like target killing, kidnapping for ransom, extortion, or threats to national security. The bill proposes forming Joint Interrogation Teams (JITs) comprising representatives of police, intelligence agencies, and law enforcement bodies to conduct inquiries into detained individuals.

Clause 11EEEE was introduced in 2014 after the Army Public School attack in Peshawar but expired in 2016 due to a sunset clause. The bill reinstates this clause to address the current security challenges. The stated objectives of the bill are to empower authorities to pre-emptively disrupt terrorist activities, strengthen law enforcement’s legal framework for combating terrorism effectively and to facilitate coordinated intelligence gathering and operations through JITs. The bill states that the proposed amendments will remain in effect for two years after their enactment.

Critics have raised concerns about potential misuse of preventive detention powers by the authorities and the potential violation of civil liberties.[1]

JCP, reconstituted under 26th amendment, appointed Justice Aminuddin Khan as head of seven-judge SC constitutional bench and Justice Muhammad Karim Khan Agha as head of SHC’s constitutional bench

Justice Aminuddin Khan to head new constitutional bench in SC - Pakistan -  DAWN.COM

On November 05, Justice Aminuddin Khan was appointed as the head of the seven-judge constitutional bench by a majority vote (7-5) of the Judicial Commission of Pakistan (JCP). This decision was made in the first session of the reconstituted JCP after the 26th Amendment. Chief Justice of Pakistan (CJP) Yahya Afridi was among the dissenting members. Seven Judges representing all four provinces were selected to be a part of the constitutional bench: Justice Aminuddin Khan (head) and Justice Ayesha A. Malik from Punjab, Justice Muhammad Ali Mazhar and Justice Hassan Azhar Rizvi from Sindh, Justice Jamal Khan Mandokhail and Justice Naeem Akhtar Afghan from Balochistan, and Justice Musarrat Hilali from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This bench will serve for 60 days as per legislation passed on November 4.

Members of the JCP who voted in favour of the above judges (7 votes) included Law Minister Azam Nazeer Tarar, Attorney General for Pakistan (AGP) Mansoor Usman Awan, Senator Farooq Hamid Naek, MNA Sheikh Aftab Ahmad, Ms. Roshan Khursheed Bharucha, Pakistan Bar Council (PBC) representative Mr. Akhtar Hussain and Justice Aminuddin Khan. Members of the JCP who voted in the minority (5 Votes) included CJP Yahya Afridi, Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah, Justice Munib Akhtar and PTI leaders Senator Shibli Faraz and MNA Omar Ayub Khan. Mr. Omar Ayub objected to the absence of one member, questioning the quorum. The issue was resolved through a majority vote, allowing proceedings to continue as per constitutional provisions. CJP Afridi suggested that the entire Supreme Court should be involved in constitutional bench decisions, forming a full court. Majority Argument said limiting the bench to seven judges avoids anomalies and appeals against the constitutional bench’s rulings could then go to a larger bench. The majority prevailed, with Justice Aminuddin Khan chosen to head the bench.

A three-judge committee was formed under the amended Supreme Court (Practice and Procedure) Act 2023 to decide which cases involving constitutional interpretation will be referred to the constitutional bench. Members of the committee included CJP Yahya Afridi, Justice Mansoor Ali Shah and Justice Aminuddin Khan (head of the constitutional bench). A letter from Justices Shah and Munib Akhtar (urging the CJP to convene a meeting to schedule petitions challenging the 26th Amendment) was not considered during the JCP session. The JCP also discussed the need for a dedicated secretariat to support its operations. The commission authorized the CJP to proceed with rule-making and establishing the secretariat.[2]

On November 19, the seven-judge constitutional bench clarified that it now functions as the full court for all constitutional matters. This assertion addresses ambiguity regarding whether some constitutional cases should still be heard by the entire Supreme Court, as was customary in many cases before the 26th Constitutional Amendment. Previously, constitutional cases like the reserved seats verdict were heard by a full court comprising all available Supreme Court judges. With the adoption of the 26th Amendment, this practice has apparently been replaced, and the seven-judge bench is now designated for such cases. Several petitions challenging the validity of the 26th Amendment have been filed in the Supreme Court. Petitioners in these cases requested that the challenges be heard by the entire Supreme Court (traditional full court bench), but the new bench clarified that this is no longer applicable.[3]

On November 25, the JCP picked Justice Muhammad Karim Khan Agha to be the head of Sindh High Court’s (SHC’s) constitutional bench with a majority of 11 to 4 for a period of two months. The bench also includes Justice Salim Jessar, Justice Omar Sial, Justice Yousaf Ali Sayeed, Justice Abdul Mobeen Lakho, Justice Zulfiqar Ali Sangi, Justice Sana Akram Minhas, Justice Khadim Hussain Soomro, and Justice Arbab Ali Hakro. The JCP held its meeting in the Supreme Court, which was chaired by Chief Justice of Pakistan and the Chairman of the Judicial Commission, Justice Yahya Afridi, to consider a single point agenda of formation of the constitutional bench within the High Court of Sindh.[4] On November 26, Justice Omar Sial, one of the nine members of the newly formed constitutional bench of the Sindh High Court recused himself from becoming part of it, arguing that the JCP should have constituted the bench on a seniority basis. Justice Omar Sial, if he had not refused, would also have been part of a three-member committee that decides fixation of cases before the SHC constitutional bench. Justice Sial informed the head of the constitutional bench, Justice Muhammad Karim Khan Agha, through a letter that whether one wishes to be a bench member or not remains a judge’s prerogative. Justice Sial opined in his letter that every judge of the SHC would have been assigned the task of addressing constitutional violations and if it was not possible, the selection of judges for these benches should be seniority-driven unless there were reasons for not doing so.[5]

Only 30 Districts in Pakistan remain with Gender Gap exceeding 10% in voter enrolment

FAFEN Analysis of Final Electoral Rolls: More than Half of Pakistan's  Population Registered as Voters for Upcoming Elections - Free and Fair  Election Network

On November 09, the number of districts with a gender gap exceeding 10% among voters decreased significantly from 80 to 30 over three years. This was revealed in the comparative analysis of the latest voters’ data relea­sed by the Election Com­mission of Pakistan (ECP).

In November 2021, the number of such districts was 28 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa alone, followed by 26 in Baloch­istan, 17 in Punjab and nine in Sindh. In 2024, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) districts with women voters below 45% dropped from 28 to 8. In Balochistan, similar districts reduced from 26 to 19. In Sindh, it reduced from 10 to 3 districts. Punjab emerged as the only province with women voters comprising over 45% of total voters in all 41 districts. [6]

SJC reviews the letter from IHC judges alleging interference by intelligence agencies in judicial matters

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On November 08, Supreme Judicial Council held a meeting to review the March 25 letter from six IHC judges alleging interference by intelligence agencies in judicial affairs. Chairperson of the meeting was the CJP Justice Yahya Afridi. Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah (senior puisne judge), Justice Munib Akhtar, IHC Chief Justice, Justice Aamer Farooq, and Balochistan High Court Chief Justice, Justice Muhammad Hashim Kaka, joined the meeting. On March 25, six IHC judges had raised serious concerns about alleged interference by intelligence agencies in judicial matters and had requested a thorough investigation into these claims. After discussion, the Council agreed to expand consultations regarding the issue and highlight the importance of adhering to the judges’ code of conduct, applicable not only to judges but also to heads of other institutions. The Council decided to revisit the matter at the next SJC meeting and also decided to hold regular monthly sessions to address the backlog of outstanding complaints against superior court judges on a fast-track basis.

Former CJP Qazi Faez Isa had initiated suo motu proceedings after the 25th March letter had surfaced. This happened after former CJP Tassaduq Hussain Jillani declined to head a one-man inquiry commission to investigate the allegations. At that time,the current CJP Justice Afridi had recused himself from hearing the suo motu case as he believed that the inaction of the IHC Chief Justice or judges should not lead the Supreme Court to assert jurisdiction under Article 184(3) of the Constitution. Justice Afridi had asserted that this would interfere with the functioning of High Courts and undermine their independence.[7]

Council of Islamic Ideology (CII) Chairman denies issuing any formal decree or decision labeling VPNs as un-Islamic

Council of Islamic Ideology Declares VPN Usage “Un-Islamic” - 24/7 News

On November 20, the Council of Islamic Ideology (CII) Chairman Dr. Raghib Naeemi denied issuing any formal decree or decision labelling VPNs as un-Islamic. He attributed the confusion to a typo error in the written transcript of his sermon, which misrepresented his stance. Dr. Naeemi clarified that VPNs are not inherently un-Islamic. The CII acknowledged that social media platforms are essential for public expression and information sharing in the modern world. The council urged that social media should not be used to spread negative content such as blasphemy, religious hatred and extremism, terrorism-related materials, obscenity and immoral content.[8]

On November 15, it was reported that the Council of Islamic Ideology (CII) had declared VPN usage for immoral content as Un-Islamic and against Sharia law. The CII had emphasized the need for government restrictions on the unregulated use of VPNs. It must be noted that top government officials, ministries, and affiliated departments have been actively using VPNs to access the platform X (formerly Twitter), which has been banned since February 2024.[9]

Army Chief says spread of false information is a significant challenge

Margalla Dialogue: COAS says Pakistan will not become part of any global conflict
General Syed Asim Munir, Margalla Dialogue 2024

On November 15, the Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Syed Asim Munir highlighted the dangers of false and misleading information spread via social media, which undermines political and social stability. He called for comprehensive laws and regulations to address fake news, misinformation, and hate speech and suggested a need for stricter regulation of social media, advocating for a reduction in online freedoms to mitigate destabilizing effects. He was addressing the Margalla Dialogue, organized by the Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI). The address was attended by diplomats, think tank representatives, and military officials.

The COAS reiterated Pakistan’s policy of staying neutral in international conflicts and avoiding block politics. The COAS emphasized Pakistan’s focus on fostering global peace and stability, stating, “We will not become part of any global conflict but will continue to play our role for peace.” He highlighted Pakistan’s long-standing contribution to UN peacekeeping operations, noting that 235,000 Pakistani troops have served in these missions while 181 soldiers sacrificed their lives for global peace. The COAS described India’s actions in occupied Jammu and Kashmir as an extension of the Hindutva ideology and warned that this extremist ideology is a threat not only to Pakistan but also to Indian-origin citizens in the US, UK, and Canada. The COAS expressed concern over terrorism emanating from Afghan territory and urged the Taliban administration to prevent Afghan soil from being used for terrorist activities. The COAS referred to terrorist groups, including Fitna al-Khawarij, as connected to global terrorist networks.[10]

Chaos as PTI’s procession Reached the Red Zone

In pictures: PTI supporters push towards Islamabad's D-Chowk through clouds  of teargas - Pakistan - DAWN.COM

The three-day PTI protest in Islamabad’s Red Zone culminated in the early hours of November 27, as PTI leadership, including Bushra Bibi and KP Chief Minister Ali Amin Gandapur, withdrew from the scene. The retreat was marked by Mr. Gandapur urging protesters to disperse with a promise to reconvene the next day. Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi confirmed that PTI’s leadership had “escaped” but did not disclose their current locations. Information Minister, Mr. Ata Tarar claimed they returned to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through Haripur. The protests left at least six people dead, including four paramilitary soldiers.[11] Confrontations occurred across Islamabad between protesters and security forces, including in Express Chowk, China Chowk, Jinnah Avenue, and Aabpara. Protesters attacked a building in Sector G-6/2, housing policemen from Sindh, but were eventually repelled by reinforcements. Security operation and arrests after 8 PM were made, and a major operation was launched to disperse protesters where street lights in key sectors were switched off and there was an operation by security forces. Many arrests were reported, although the exact figures remain unclear. After PTI leadership’s retreat, the container used as their stage was set on fire. Information Minister Ata Tarar alleged this was part of a PTI plan to attack parliament and destroy evidence related to the alleged plot.

On November 26, the government had accused Bushra Bibi of sabotaging negotiations and orchestrating the escalation of violence. Officials claimed her defiance disrupted the possibility of a peaceful resolution, forcing the rally into confrontation. On November 25, the government and PTI leadership had begun discussions to divert the protest march from Islamabad’s D-Chowk to Sangjani, a less sensitive area on the outskirts of the capital. Barrister Muhammad Ali Saif, the KP Chief Minister’s aide, confirmed these negotiations. Mr. Imran Khan, despite being upset over his imprisonment conditions, reportedly agreed to the plan after lengthy discussions. Sources claimed Ms. Bushra Bibi refused to follow the plan to stop the march at Sangjani, demanding direct communication with Mr. Imran Khan through a video call, which was not possible. Amidst these developments, a post from Mr. Imran Khan’s official X (formerly Twitter) account supported the push to D-Chowk, encouraging protesters to “fight until the last ball is bowled.” And also thanked the overseas Pakistanis. This sparked debate about who was controlling his social media, as the message aligned with Bushra Bibi’s initiative rather than the negotiation strategy described by Barrister Saif.[12]

On November 26, US lawmakers, officials from both Mr. Biden and Mr. Trump administrations and Amnesty International, called for the release of Mr. Khan and an end to the use of “excessive force” against PTI protestors. A particularly notable statement came from Mr. Richard Grenell, former director of National Intelligence under the Trump administration, who has also been selected to lead peace talks with Russia over Ukraine. He issued a succinct demand on his official Twitter account: “Release Imran Khan,” wich was accompanied by a Bloomberg report on the unfolding situation in Islamabad. Another member of the first Trump administration, Ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad, expressed concern about the reported shoot-at-sight order, calling it “a catastrophic mistake”. Congresswoman Ms. Rashida Tlaib, a Muslim lawmaker from Michigan, described the repression of protesters in Pakistan and the escalation of political violence as “an attempt to suppress democracy and human rights”. Congresswoman Barbara Lee, co-chair of the Human Rights Caucus, emphasised the importance of fundamental freedoms. Representative Summer Lee praised the resilience of Pakistani protesters, adding she is moved by the bravery demonstrated by the Pakistani people as they protest for electoral integrity and judicial fairness. Amnesty International has also raised serious concerns about the handling of protests by the Pakistani authorities, particularly, what is stated in the statement as the excessive use of force, saying government must fully protect and ensure the rights of protesters and immediately rescind the ‘shoot-on-sight’ orders.[13]

On November 27, Mr. Ali Amin Gandapur, while speaking at Insaf Secretariat, refused to bow down to “the killing spree” and said their sit-in at D-Chowk will continue, they will not end it until their leader Mr. Imran Khan calls it off.[14] On November 29, Mr. Ali Amin Gandapur, issued a stern warning to the federal government over the potential imposition of Governor’s Rule in the province. In a fiery statement at KP Assembly, Mr. Gandapur accused the federal leadership of conspiring against KP and PTI leaders, including himself and Bushra Bibi. He alleged that small-arms fire and sniper attacks were directed at him near Kulsoom Hospital and Jinnah Avenue in Islamabad. He further suggested that security cameras in these areas would conveniently malfunction, making evidence collection impossible. PTI leaders also accused the government of hiding the number of casualties and forcing families to sign affidavits declaring deaths as accidents instead of gunfire. They cited the case of Sardar Shafiq, whose body was initially denied by PIMS hospital but later handed over in Rawalpindi with the cause of death declared a “road accident.” PTI called on the Chief Justice of Pakistan, Justice Yahya Afridi, to initiate a judicial inquiry into the alleged “Islamabad massacre.”[15]

No indication of Imran Khan’s trial in military courts: UK Foreign Secretary

No signs of Imran Khan's trial in military court, says UK foreign secretary  | Dialogue Pakistan

On November 16, a group of 20 British MPs, including Labour MP Kim Johnson, wrote to UK Foreign Secretary, Mr. David Lammy, urging him to address concerns about former Pakistani Prime Minister Mr. Imran Khan’s imprisonment. The MPs labelled Mr. Khan’s detention “politically motivated” and expressed fears he might be tried in military courts, which they viewed as an “unlawful escalation.” PTI has actively engaged with international stakeholders, including British parliamentarians, to highlight Mr. Khan’s incarceration and advocate for his release. In a one-page letter dated November 11, Mr. Lammy assured that there is “no indication” Mr. Imran Khan would be tried in military courts, addressing MPs’ concerns. He acknowledged that military courts lack transparency and independent scrutiny, making it hard to ensure compliance with international standards. Mr. Lammy emphasized that Pakistan’s judicial processes must adhere to international obligations, particularly the right to a fair trial, due process, and humane detention. He made it clear that this principle applies to Mr. Khan as well as all Pakistani citizens. Mr. Lammy expressed concerns over restrictions on civil liberties in Pakistan and stressed the importance of democratic principles, political rights, and the rule of law. He highlighted broader UK concerns about Pakistan’s handling of freedoms and democratic governance adding UK continues to engage with Pakistan at senior levels, addressing issues of civil liberties and judicial independence. Former Pakistani ambassador and present commentator, Mr. Touqueer Hussain noted the letter represents a political statement rather than an actionable policy declaration, reflecting the UK’s stance without directly influencing Pakistan’s decisions.[16]

Election tribunals have resolved only 17 % disputes so far

Election 2024: Appellate Tribunals will continue to decide on appeals till  Wednesday

According to the Free and Fair Election Network’s (FAFEN) latest report on tribunal performance, seven of the 23 election tribunals have yet to decide any petitions. While there has been a slight improvement in the pace of decisions over the past month, significant disparities remain among the provinces, with tribunals in Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa lagging behind those in Balochistan. The three tribunals in Balochistan have disposed of 30 out of 51 disputes (58.8 percent), making them the most efficient. In contrast, the six tribunals in KP have decided only eight of 42 cases (19 percent), while the five tribunals in Sindh have managed just 12 of 83 petitions (14.5p percent). Punjab, which faced del­ays in tribunal establishment due to jurisdictional disagreements between the Lahore High Court and the Election Commission of Pakis­tan, has resolved a mere 10 out of 155 cases (6.5pc). In Punjab, four out of eight tribunals — composed of retired judges — have yet to begin hearings despite being formally notified. Meanwhile, the Islam­abad Capital Territory tribunal is waiting for the ECP to process transfer applications for three petitions filed by PML-N lawmakers declared winners from the capital. Of the 60 petitions reso­lved so far, 51 relate to provincial assembly constituencies, while only nine concern National Assembly seats. Among provincial cases, Balochistan accounts for 29 resolved petitions, Sindh nine, Punjab seven, and KP six. For NA constituencies, three decisions each were made in Punjab and Sindh, two in KP, and one in Balochistan.

Overall, 21pc of the 239 petitions concerning provincial seats have been resolved compared to just 9pc of the 111 disputes involving National Assembly constituencies. Of the 60 petitions decided, 56 were dismissed, three were accepted and one was abated due to the petitioner’s death. Among the dismissals, 22 were deemed non-maintainable, eight were withdrawn by petitioners, and five were dismissed for non-prosecution. A further 16 were rejected after full trials. FAFEN has yet to ascertain reasons for the dismissal of five petitions due to the unavailability of judgement copies. All resolved NA petitions were dismissed.[17]

IHC granted bail to Imran Khan in the second Toshakhana case

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 On November 20, the Islamabad High Court (IHC) granted post-arrest bail to Mr. Khan against surety bonds of Rs10 million. Justice Miangul Hassan Aurangzeb warned that non-cooperation during trial proceedings could result in bail cancellation. Mr. Khan’s counsel emphasized that the jewellery set was purchased under the 2018 Toshakhana policy and appraised by customs and official appraisers. They added that the allegations are vague, with procedural flaws such as a three-year delay in filing the case. The appraiser, Mr. Sohaib Abbasi, they alleged, was coerced into altering his testimony. Meanwhile, the prosecution alleged financial benefits to Mr. Khan through his wife. Justice Aurangzeb dismissed this argument, stating, “his wife’s belongings are not his.” The judge criticized the PTI government for lack of transparency in Toshakhana records and remarked that details were deliberately hidden. The court granted bail, ruling that the case required further inquiry.

Despite bail in the Toshakhana case, Mr. Khan remains in Adiala Jail as he faces nearly two dozen FIRs in Islamabad, Lahore, and Rawalpindi.

COAS expressed optimism about Pakistan’s economic recovery

tribune

On November 19, in a speech to Karachi’s business community, Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Syed Asim Munir expressed optimism about Pakistan’s economic recovery and future stability, saying that the clouds of despair that overshadowed the country a year ago have now dissipated. He added that all economic indicators are positive and that they will improve further in the coming year. The Army Chief noted that the country’s economy was showing signs of improvement and predicted a brighter future for Pakistan’s economic landscape. The COAS also took aim at those who had spread pessimism and suggested that the country was on the brink of default. “Where are those who talked about default?” he asked. “Shouldn’t they be held accountable?” He stressed the importance of prioritising the nation over personal or political interests, stating that nothing, not even politics, should come before the wellbeing of the country. He urged the business community to invest in Pakistan, highlighting that the country’s economic stability could only come through collective efforts. The COAS concluded by saying that terrorism is often funded by illegal businesses backed by certain elements, and stressed that the state is responsible for protecting Pakistan’s digital borders and ensuring the digital security of its citizens.[18]

Bushra Bibi’s releases video statement possibly criticising Saudia Arabia

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On November 22, a heated political debate unfolded following controversial remarks made by Bushra Bibi, the wife of jailed PTI chairman, Mr. Imran Khan, about Saudi Arabia. The remarks, which hinted at foreign disapproval of Mr. Imran Khan’s religious devotion during an official visit, sparked a sharp response from the government, including by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. In a video message, Bushra Bibi claimed Mr. Imran Khan’s barefoot walk in Medina had allegedly drawn disapproving reactions from foreign powers. She alleged that former COAS, Qamar Javed Bajwa received calls questioning why he had brought Mr. Imran Khan to Saudi Arabia during that visit. While PTI downplayed her remarks, the statements were widely interpreted as critical of Saudi Arabia and were met with strong criticism from the government. PM Shahbaz Sharif condemned the remarks as a “dangerous affront” to Pakistan’s long-standing ties with Saudi Arabia and highlighted Saudi Arabia’s unconditional support to Pakistan, both financially and diplomatically, and called the comments an unforgivable crime. PM stressed that Pakistan would not tolerate propaganda that jeopardizes ties with Saudi Arabia, which has stood by Pakistan without demanding anything in return.[19]

In an exclusive interview with Express News on November 21, former COAS General (Retd) Qamar Javed Bajwa firmly denied allegations made by Bushra Bibi, calling them incoherent and disconnected from reality. General Bajwa rejected the claims outright, describing them as unfounded and puzzling, and highlighted the strong, long-standing ties between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. General Bajwa reiterated that relations with Saudi Arabia had never deteriorated, except for a minor diplomatic concern caused by a statement from former foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi, which was quickly resolved. He suggested that Imran Khan might eventually endorse this narrative, potentially causing further damage to Pakistan’s foreign relations.[20]

Federal Apex Committee of the National Action Plan approves a comprehensive military operation against terrorist organisations

A meeting of the Federal Apex Committee of the National Action Plan on Tuesday. — PID

On November 18, The Federal Apex Committee of the National Action Plan (NAP) approved a comprehensive military operation targeting terrorist organizations in Balochistan, with the aim of eliminating threats to Pakistan’s sovereignty and fostering economic and social stability. Recent months have seen increased terrorist activities, particularly in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, with security forces and civilians as primary targets. A suicide bombing at Quetta railway station earlier in November resulted in 26 deaths and 61 persons injured. The agenda of apex committee meeting focused on “Reinvigorating Pakistan’s Counter Terrorism (CT) Campaign”. Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif chaired the meeting in Islamabad, attended by the federal cabinet, provincial chief ministers, Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Syed Asim Munir and senior government officials, according to a press release issued from the PM Office.

The committee emphasized the need for political unity and a cohesive national narrative to effectively counter terrorism. A comprehensive “whole-of-system” approach was adopted, including diplomatic, political, intelligence, socio-economic, and military efforts. The committee emphasized the plan to revitalize the National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA), establishment of National and Provincial Intelligence Fusion and Threat Assessment Centres for improved intelligence sharing and formation of district coordination committees under provincial apex committees for better execution, combating sub-nationalism, religious extremism, crime-terror nexus, addressing disinformation campaigns, fostering public confidence and dismantling the ecosystem enabling illegal activities, particularly in Balochistan.

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif urged all political stakeholders to support the federation in ensuring stability and stressed the interconnectedness of economic stability and peace, linking progress to the complete eradication of terrorism, and commended collaborative efforts of federal and provincial governments in steering the country toward stability. COAS reaffirmed the army’s commitment to eliminating national security threats and highlighted the sacrifices of armed forces in compensating for governance gaps. COAS called for collective national efforts against terrorism while emphasizing the supremacy of the Constitution. COAS emphasized enhanced collaboration between federal and provincial governments, and among relevant institutions and ministries. The Committee emphasized the immediate action needed to dismantle terrorist networks and neutralize threats in Balochistan and other affected regions and focus on long-term stability through sustained and synchronized efforts and political resolve to ensure adherence to the Vision of Azm-e-Isthekam-e-Pakistan, a framework for national resilience.[21]

UN Human Rights Committee released its findings on Pakistan

UN Human Rights Committee to review Pakistan's rights records

On November 7, the UN Human Rights Committee released its findings on Pakistan following its latest review in Geneva, urging significant reforms to ensure compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The report called for immediate actions to address concerns about military courts, enforced disappearances, freedom of expression, privacy rights, and judicial independence in Pakistan, while also acknowledging positive legislative measures. The report highlighted that the Pakistan Army Act, 1952 is being used to prosecute civilians, raising questions about fair trial standards. The committee recommended that the government revoke military courts’ jurisdiction over civilians and abolish their authority to impose death penalties and to ensure proceedings align with ICCPR standards for fair trials and to release all civilians detained under military courts on bail.

The report also highlighted lack of consultations with legal professionals and civil society in judicial reforms (e.g., the 26th amendment) as well as harassment and threats against judges and prosecutors in politically sensitive cases. It recommended to strengthen mechanisms to ensure the independence of the judiciary and prosecutors, including clear frameworks for recruitment, promotion, and accountability. The report further highlighted restrictions on freedom of expression, including internet shutdowns, website blocking, and bans on social media platforms, misuse of counterterrorism laws to silence journalists and activists, overreach in the use of the Exit Control List (ECL), Black List, and other travel restrictions. Persistent reports of enforced disappearances, torture, killings, and harassment of journalists and human rights defenders were also highlighted.

The UN report also highlighted positive developments and acknowledged Pakistan’s progress in the promulgation of a number of legal measures, such as the National Gender Policy Framework 2022; the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Domestic Violence against Women Act 2021; the Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals Act 2021; the Legal Aid and Justice Authority Act 2020; the Prevention of Trafficking in Person Act 2018; the Juvenile Justice System Act 2018; the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2018; and, the Acid and Burn Crime Act 2018.[22]

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif presided over a high-level meeting on law and order

On November 29, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, while presiding over a high-level meeting on law and order, directed Pakistan’s civil and military leadership to devise a robust strategy to prevent any recurrence of the PTI-led protests and violence in Islamabad. Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar, Defence Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif, Minister for Economic Affairs Ahad Khan Cheema, Law Minister Azam Nazeer Tarar, Advisor to the Prime Minister Rana Sanaullah Khan, Punjab Chief Minister Maryam Nawaz, Punjab Senior Minister Marriyum Aurangzeb and Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Asim Munir attended the meeting. The PM condemned PTI’s actions, accusing the party of undermining the nation’s peace and economic stability. He referred to the PTI as “Tehreek-e-Takhreeb” (Insurgency Movement), blaming it for repeated “invasions” of Islamabad. He accused PTI’s leadership of prioritizing political chaos over national interest, recalling the impact of the 126-day sit-in in 2014, which deferred the Chinese President’s visit and harmed CPEC prospects. The PM emphasized the significant impact of PTI protests on exports, imports, and foreign investment, particularly in a time when Pakistan had reduced inflation from 32% to below 7% and lowered the policy rate from 22% to 15%.

Mr. Shehbaz Sharif cited the loss of life and injuries during the protests, with a police officer and four Rangers personnel martyred and dozens of law enforcement officials injured. He condemned the KP government for allegedly facilitating PTI protests using public resources and allowing armed individuals to storm the federal capital. PM Sharif also announced the establishment of a Federal Riots Control Force, which will be trained professionally to handle violent protests and equipped with modern security tools. The force will ensure Islamabad remains secure against future attempts at violence and anarchy.[23]

Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah says judiciary is a resilient institution endowed with the ability to rise above shadows of authoritarianism

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Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah, Senior Pusine Judge, Supreme Court of Pakistan

On November 26, Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah, senior pusine judge, emphasized that the resilience and independence of the judiciary are essential to upholding justice, particularly during authoritarian regimes. Justice Shah mentioned this in a six-page note he issued on the presidential reference in the murder trial of the late Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. He used the trial of former PM Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as a cautionary example of how judicial systems can be manipulated for political gains. Justice Shah said the judiciary’s ability to rise above past authoritarian shadows is rooted in the courage and integrity of judges who resist compromising their principles. Justice Shah added resistance to authoritarian overreach must occur in real-time, not through retrospective corrections. Justice Shah said Mr Bhutto’s trial effectively served as a potent and notorious “judicial tool” for strengthening late General Zia’s authoritarian regime, aimed at suppressing political resistance, eliminating opposition and ensuring the consolidation of power. Justice Shah quoted the example of Justice Dorab Patel, who dissented in the Bhutto case, acquitting Bhutto of charges, and later refused to take an oath under the Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO). His actions, Justice Shah said, serve as an example of judicial courage, prioritizing integrity over tenure. Lastly, Justice Shah added that judicial courage is demonstrated by standing firm against oppression and interference and sacrifice of personal career gains pales in comparison to the impact of compromising judicial independence.[24]

Prime Minister’s Interactions with COAS

 Prime Minister Mian Muhammad Shahbaz Sharif and Chief of Army Staff General Syed Asim Munir met thrice during November 2024:

  1. On November 18, the Prime Minister and the Chief of Army Staff met at the Federal Apex Committee of National Action Plan at the PM House, Islamabad. [25]
  2. On November 26, the Prime Minister and the Chief of Army Staff met at the funeral prayers for three Rangers officials who embraced martyrdom during PTI protests in Rawalpindi. [26]
  3. On November 29, the Prime Minister and the Chief of Army Staff met at a high-level meeting on law and order held in Islamabad. [27]

Speaker National Assembly meets Foreign Dignitaries

  1. On November 05, Ambassador of Kazakhstan, Mr. Yerzhan Kistafin, called on the Speaker of the National Assembly at Parliament House, Islamabad.[28]
  2. On November 17, high-level Spanish parliamentary delegation comprising Spanish Senators, Mr. Vicente Azpitarte Perez, Ms. Natalia Ucero, Mr. Antononio Gutierrez Limones, Mr. Luis de la Peña and Ambassador of Spain in Pakistan Mr. Jose Antoniode de Ory, called on the Speaker at Parliament House, Islamabad.[29]
  3. On November 18, Ambassador of Syrian Republic in Pakistan, H.E Dr. Ramez Alraee, called on the Speaker at Parliament House, Islamabad.[30]
  4. On November 19, Australian High Commissioner to Pakistan, Mr. Neil Hawkins, called on the Speaker at Parliament House, Islamabad.[31]

Chairman Senate meets Foreign Dignitaries

  1. On November 14, members of the Parliamentary Delegation of Senate Foreign Affairs Committee of the Kingdom of Spain called on the Chairman Senate at Parliament House, Islamabad.[32]

Interactions of COAS with Foreign Dignitaries

COAS pick: Lt Gen Asim Munir — a brief profile
General Syed Asim Munir Chief of Army Staff

During November 2024, there were four meetings of General Syed Asim Munir, Chief of Army Staff (COAS) with foreign dignitaries.

  1. On November 06, General Syed Asim Munir, NI (M), Chief of Army Staff met Crown Prince and Prime Minister His Royal Highness Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia at Royal Palace, Riyadh.[33]
  2. On November 11, Lieutenant General Simon Stuart, Chief of the Australian Army called on General Syed Asim Munir, NI (M), Chief of Army Staff at the General Headquarters, Rawalpindi.[34]
  3. On November 27, General Zhang Youxia, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) of China called on General Syed Asim Munir, NI (M), Chief of Army Staff at the General Headquarters, Rawalpindi. [35]
  4. On November 27, General Syed Asim Munir, NI (M), Chief of Army Staff met with President of the Republic of Belarus, His Excellency Aleksandr Lukashenko in Islamabad. [36]

References

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  13. Anwar Iqbal, “US lawmakers, Amnesty call for Imran’s release,” Dawn online, November 27, 2024, accessed November 28, 2024. https://www.dawn.com/news/1874995/us-lawmakers-amnesty-call-for-imrans-release

  14. Nisar Ahmad Khan, “PTI protest to continue until Imran calls it off: Ali Amin Gandapur,” Dawn online, November 28, 2024, accessed November 29, 2024. https://www.dawn.com/news/1875241/pti-protest-to-continue-until-imran-calls-it-off-ali-amin-gandapur

  15. Mohammad Ashfaq | Umer Farooq, “‘We also have guns’: Gandapur tells govt to fear their wrath,” Dawn online, November 30, 2024, accessed November 30, 2024. https://www.dawn.com/news/1875655/we-also-have-guns-gandapur-tells-govt-to-fear-their-wrath

  16. Atika Rehman, “No military trial for Imran, UK foreign secretary assures MPs,” Dawn online, November 17, 2024, accessed November 23, 2024. https://www.dawn.com/news/1872902/no-military-trial-for-imran-uk-foreign-secretary-assures-mps

  17. Iftikhar A. Khan, “Election tribunals yet to decide 83pc of disputes,” Dawn online, November 18, 2024, accessed November 24, 2024. https://www.dawn.com/news/1873069/election-tribunals-yet-to-decide-83pc-of-disputes

  18. “COAS calls for accountability of those who made claims about Pakistan’s default,” Express Tribune online, November 20, 2024, accessed November 21, 2024. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2510855/where-are-those-talking-about-pakistans-default-questions-coas

  19. Rizwan Shahzad, “Bushra Bibi’s Saudi jibe draws scathing govt flak,” Express Tribune online, November 23, 2024, accessed November 25, 2024. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2511382/bushra-bibis-saudi-jibe-draws-scathing-govt-flak

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  22. Amin Ahmed, “UN rights body opposes military trial of civilians,” Dawn online, November 08, 2024, accessed November 19, 2024. https://www.dawn.com/news/1870905/un-rights-body-opposes-military-trial-of-civilians

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  24. “Judiciary must confront authoritarianism without delay, says Justice Shah,” Dawn online, November 27, 2024, accessed November 28, 2024. https://www.dawn.com/news/1875057/judiciary-must-confront-authoritarianism-without-delay-says-justice-shah

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  27. “PM wants plan made to avertany ‘invasion’of capital,” Dawn online, November 29, 2024, accessed November 30, 2024. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1256395-shehbaz-wants-no-future-capital-invasion-by-pti

  28. “Ambassador Of Kazakhstan Calls On Speaker National Assembly Sardar Ayaz Sadiq. – November 5, 2024,” National Assembly online, November 5, 2024, accessed November 15, 2024. https://www.na.gov.pk/en/pressrelease.php?content=101#6392

  29. “Spanish delegation met with NA Speaker Sardar Ayaz Sadiq; Enhancing Parliament to Parliament contacts vital to strengthen Pak-Spain ties, says NA Speaker Sardar Ayaz Sadiq – November 17, 2024,” National Assembly online, November 17, 2024, accessed November 21, 2024. https://www.na.gov.pk/en/pressrelease.php?content=101#6429

  30. “Ambassadors Of Syria And Algeria Call On NA Speaker – November 18, 2024,” National Assembly online, November 18 2024, accessed November 19, 2024. https://www.na.gov.pk/en/pressrelease.php?content=101#6431

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  32. “Chairman Senate, Syed Yousaf Raza Gilani Exchanging Views with The Members of the Parliamentary Delegation of Senate Foreign Affairs Committee of the Kingdom of Spain at Parliament House, Islamabad,” Senate of Pakistan online, November 14, 2024, accessed November 15, 2024. https://www.senate.gov.pk/en/news_content.php?id=NTc0Nw==

  33. “General Syed Asim Munir, NI (M), Chief of Army Staff (COAS), is currently on an official visit to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,” ISPR online, November 05, 2024, accessed November 13, 2024. https://ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail?id=7046

  34. “Lieutenant General Simon Stuart, Chief of the Australian Army, met with General Syed Asim Munir, NI (M), Chief of Army Staff (COAS) of Pakistan, today at the General Headquarters (GHQ),” ISPR online, November 11, 2024, accessed November 13, 2024. https://ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail?id=7053

  35. “General Zhang Youxia, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) of the People’s Republic of China, visited General Headquarters (GHQ) along with a high-level delegation,” ISPR online, November 27, 2024, accessed November 28, 2024. https://ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail?id=7080

  36. “The President of the Republic of Belarus, His Excellency Aleksandr Lukashenko, met with General Syed Asim Munir, NI (M), Chief of Army Staff (COAS), in Islamabad today,” ISPR online, November 27, 2024, accessed November 28, 2024. https://ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail?id=7081